• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Composition for weed control. The present invention relates to a composition comprising paper pulp, Kraft fiber, a lignocellulosic derivative and gypsum. Likewise, the invention relates to the procedure for obtaining said composition and its use as a water pad for weed control. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2817649A1
    申请号:ES201930857
    申请日:2019-10-03
    公开日:2021-04-07
    发明作者:Blanes Josep Claramunt；Gonzalez Antonio Maria Verdu；Serra Maria Teresa Mas；Ranzenberger Alicia Cirujeda；Sanclemente Gabriel Pardo；Leon Ana Isabel Mari
    申请人:Centro De Investig Y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria De Aragon Cita；Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Composition for weed control
    [0004] The present invention relates to a composition comprising paper pulp, Kraft fiber, a lignocellulosic derivative and gypsum. Likewise, the invention relates to the procedure for obtaining said composition and its use as a hydro-padding for weed control.
    [0006] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0008] Weeds are currently one of the main restrictions on food production in the world and the main threat to farmers. Its control is therefore of vital importance.
    [0010] For this, chemical methods are currently used, such as the application of herbicides, mechanical methods, such as tillage and / or mowing, or plastic mulches are used. However, in recent years the problems of soil and water contamination are increasing, as well as the appearance of resistance to herbicides in certain species of weeds.
    [0012] The use of plastic as mulch, known as plasticultura (Manickam, L., Thilagam, VK, Balakrishnan-Mansour, M. (2010). Effect of plastic mulch on soil properties and crop grnwth. Agricultural reviews, 31 (2). Pp 145-149), has different advantages for crops: it allows to increase soil temperature, growth, quality and crop yield. However, plastic mulch is giving rise to a very significant environmental problem. Most of the plastic used is made from polyethylene.
    [0014] In order to reduce the environmental impact of plastic padding, biodegradable plastic padding and paper padding have been developed.
    [0016] Biodegradable plastic-based mulches (BDMs ) (Moreno, MM, Moreno, A. (2008). Effect of different biodegradable and polyethylene mulches on soil properties and production in a tomato crop. Scientia Horticulturae, 116 . pp 256-263). The problem with these padding is the cost of the materials, since BDMs are more expensive than polyethylene plastics.
    [0017] On the other hand, there is the alternative of paper padding (Ahokas, J., Korpela, A., Ince, A., Güzel, E., Asikaiken, J., Haapala, T., Kujanpáa, M., Mikkola, H ., Pitkáen, M., Tamminen, A., Vikman, M. (2014). Paper based mulches as an alternative to polyethylene mulches in vegetable production. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, 10 (1) pp 73-78). Compared with plastic mulches or BDMs, paper mulch is less elastic and shows tears during installation (Haapala, T., Palonen, P., Korpela, A. & Ahokas, J. (2014). Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production: a review. Agricultural and Food Science, 23. pp 60-79.). In addition, paper mulch does not increase the temperature of the floor as much as plastic mulch, and the material is more expensive than polyethylene and BMD mulches.
    [0019] Therefore, it would be desirable to have a composition for padding as an alternative to the use of plastic and paper padding known in the state of the art that have the advantage of being sustainable, that is, they do not use substances that are harmful to the environment and can obtained from recycled materials, and that demonstrate greater effectiveness in controlling weeds in crops, particularly perennial crops.
    [0021] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0023] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising: component 1) paper pulp;
    [0024] component 2) Kraft fiber;
    [0025] component 3) a lignocellulosic derivative; Y
    [0026] component 4) gypsum or calcium hydroxide.
    [0028] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the lignocellulosic derivative (component 3) is selected from corn cane, rice straw, cotton husk, cereal straw, substrate used in the cultivation of mushrooms and husks. rice, and more preferably where the lignocellulosic derivative (component 3) is selected from cereal straw, substrate used in the cultivation of mushrooms and rice husks.
    [0030] In another embodiment the invention relates to the composition defined above where the Component 4 is plaster.
    [0032] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the amount of paper pulp per unit area in the field is between 12 and 20 L m-2, and preferably where the amount of paper pulp per unit of surface area in the field is between 15 and 17L m-2.
    [0034] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the amount of Kraft fiber per unit area in the field is between 175 and 230 g m-2, and preferably where the amount of Kraft fiber per unit area in field is between 205 and 210g m-2.
    [0036] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the amount of gypsum per unit area in the field is between 700 and 1100 g m-2, and preferably where the amount of gypsum per unit area of the field is between 1000 and 1005gm-2.
    [0038] In another embodiment, the invention relates to the composition defined above where the composition is composition A:
    [0039] component 1) paper pulp;
    [0040] component 2) Kraft fiber;
    [0041] component 3) cereal straw; Y
    [0042] component 4) gypsum or calcium hydroxide, and preferably gypsum.
    [0044] In another embodiment the invention refers to composition A where the amount of each component is:
    [0045] - paper pulp (component 1) per unit area in the field is between 12 and 20 L m-2, and preferably between 15 and 17L m-2;
    [0046] - Kraft fiber (component 2) per unit area in the field is between 175 and 230 g m-2, and preferably between 205 and 210g m-2;
    [0047] - cereal straw (component 3) per unit of field surface is between 700 and 900 g m-2, and preferably between 830 and 835 g m-2; Y
    [0048] - gypsum (component 4) per unit area of the field is between 700 and 1100 g m-2, and preferably between 1000 and 1005 g m-2.
    [0049] In another embodiment, the invention relates to the composition defined above where the composition is composition B:
    [0050] component 1) paper pulp;
    [0051] component 2) Kraft fiber;
    [0052] component 3) substrate used in mushroom cultivation; Y
    [0053] component 4) gypsum or calcium hydroxide, and preferably gypsum.
    [0055] In another embodiment the invention refers to composition B where the amount of each component is:
    [0056] - paper pulp (component 1) per unit area in the field is between 12 and 20 L m'2, and preferably between 15 and 17L m-2;
    [0057] - Kraft fiber (component 2) per unit area in the field is between 175 and 230 g m'2, and preferably between 205 and 210g m-2;
    [0058] - substrate used in mushroom cultivation (component 3) per unit of field surface is between 2800 and 3500 g m-2, and preferably between 3000 and 3200 g m-2; Y
    [0059] - gypsum (component 4) per unit area of the field is between 700 and 1100 g m'2, and preferably between 1000 and 1005 g m'2.
    [0061] In another embodiment, the invention relates to the composition defined above where the composition is composition C:
    [0062] component 1) paper pulp;
    [0063] component 2) Kraft fiber;
    [0064] component 3) rice husk; Y
    [0065] component 4) gypsum or calcium hydroxide, and preferably gypsum.
    [0067] In another embodiment the invention refers to composition C where the amount of each component is:
    [0068] - paper pulp (component 1) per unit area in the field is between 12 and 20 L m-2, and preferably between 15 and 17L m-2;
    [0069] - Kraft fiber (component 2) per unit area in the field is between 175 and 230 g m-2, and preferably between 205 and 210g m-2;
    [0070] - rice husk (component 3) per unit of field surface is between 1000 and 1450 g m-2, and preferably between 1200 and 1300 g m-2; Y
    [0071] - gypsum (component 4) per unit area of field is between 700 and 1100 g m-2, and preferably between 1000 and 1005 g m-2.
    [0073] Another aspect of the invention refers to the process for obtaining the composition defined above, which comprises the steps of:
    [0074] phase II) mixing of components 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that component 2 is ground; Y
    [0075] phase III) addition of component 4 to the mixture obtained in phase II.
    [0077] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the procedure for obtaining the composition defined above, where phase II is carried out in a concrete mixer.
    [0079] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the procedure for obtaining the composition defined above, which also comprises the following step:
    [0080] phase I) preparation of component 3.
    [0082] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the process for obtaining the composition defined above, where component 3 is cereal straw and its milling and screening is carried out in phase I.
    [0084] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the process for obtaining the composition defined above, where component 3 is a substrate used in mushroom cultivation and its shredding and drying is carried out in phase I.
    [0086] In another embodiment, the invention refers to the procedure for obtaining the composition defined above, which comprises the steps:
    [0087] phase I) preparation of component 3;
    [0088] phase II) mixing of components 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that component 2 is ground; Y
    [0089] phase III) addition of component 4 to the mixture obtained in phase II.
    [0091] Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition defined above for the control of weeds.
    [0093] Another aspect of the invention relates to a hydrofoil that comprises the composition defined above.
    [0094] Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of hydrofoil for weed control.
    [0096] Throughout the invention the term "Kraft fiber" refers to a paper pulp obtained by a chemical cooking method known as the Kraft process or sulfate process, in which sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide are mainly used in digesters. at high pressure and temperature. It can be preceded or followed by other thermal or mechanical threads. The raw material used will consist of any type of material of plant origin that contains fibers, and can be both wood (coniferous or hardwood) and Liberian (hemp, jute, flax or esparto, among others).
    [0098] The term "lignocellulosic derivative" refers to fibrous agricultural or agri-food industry residues. Examples include, but are not limited to, corn stalk, rice straw, cotton husk, cereal straw, substrate used in mushroom cultivation, and rice husk.
    [0100] The term "cereal straw" refers to the stem and leaves of cereals (such as, for example, wheat, barley, oats and rye) that remain after the grain has been harvested. Normally it is packed in the field for its later use in livestock or it is crushed and spread on the soil to enrich it in organic matter.
    [0102] The term “substrate used in mushroom cultivation” refers to the solid base that has been used in a mushroom growing cycle, once the basidiocarps have been collected, and that contains the initial components (usually straw, peat and some organic fertilizer ) already partially degraded by the mushroom mycelium that has grown on it. It is the main residue of the cultivation of this mushroom.
    [0104] The term “rice husk” refers to the glumelae that surround the rice grain once harvested and that are mechanically separated from the grain as a first step to obtain brown rice first and white rice when, in addition to the husk, the pericarp. It is considered a residue or by-product of the production of rice grains.
    [0106] The term "hydrofoil" refers to liquid applied biodegradable mulch.
    [0107] Throughout the description and claims the word "comprise" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and figures are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
    [0109] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0111] Fig. 1. Shows the scheme of the procedure for obtaining the compositions of the invention.
    [0113] Fig. 2. Shows the appearance of block 4 at the beginning of the trial (left) and after 2 months (right).
    [0115] EXAMPLES
    [0117] The invention will be illustrated below by means of tests carried out by the inventors, which show the effectiveness of the product of the invention.
    [0119] Example 1: Padding composition
    [0121] Components (edit)
    [0122] Obtaining and requirements prior to mixing:
    [0124] 1.- Paper pulp from the industrial paper recycling process.
    [0126] Obtaining: paper and cardboard recycling industry. In the paper recycling process, the paper is cut into strips that are crushed in water to form a pulp, ink and other impurities are removed and may or may not be bleached. In these industries the process is continuous, therefore, it can be obtained at any time of the year from the emitter that the industries present at this point in the manufacture of recycled paper (later in the industry this pulp will be filtered, laminated and dried ).
    [0127] Requirements: it is necessary to collect the pulp in closed tanks and keep it refrigerated (5-10 ° C) until it is mixed with the rest of the components.
    [0129] 2. - Kraft fiber from Pinus radiata [Pinus insignis]
    [0131] Obtaining: paper industry.
    [0133] Requirements: it is necessary to crumble the fiber before mixing it with the rest of the components. It can be done with a mixer attached to the body of a drill, such as those used to knead plaster.
    [0135] 3. - Lignocellulosic residue.
    [0137] (A) cereal straw
    [0138] B) substrate used in mushroom cultivation
    [0139] (C) rice husk
    [0141] Obtaining: cereal growers (A), mushroom producers (B), and rice chambers (C).
    [0143] Requirements:
    [0144] ( A) the straw must be ground and sieved to 2mm. It can be done with a feed mill. ( B) the substrate used in mushroom cultivation must be shredded and dried. It can be done by taking several passes with a rotovator attached to a tractor; it is then spread out and allowed to air dry.
    [0146] 4. - Delayed setting plaster.
    [0148] Obtaining: marketers of construction materials.
    [0150] Dose per unit area in the field of 3 hydrofoil pads:
    [0152] 3 types of hydrofoil padding have been developed, one with each of the different crop residues (A, B, and C).
    [0154] Component 1)
    [0155] 16.7 L-m-2 of paper pulp
    [0156] Component 2)
    [0157] 209.25 gm'2 of Kraft fiber
    [0158] Component 3)
    [0159] 833 g m'2 of cereal straw (A); or
    [0160] 3100 g m'2 of substrate used in mushroom cultivation (B); or
    [0161] 1250 g m'2 of rice husk (C)
    [0162] Component 4)
    [0163] 1002 g m'2 of plaster
    [0165] Example 2: Procedure for obtaining the hydrofoil padding
    [0167] Specific composition A: Component 1, at a rate of 16.7L for each m2 of surface to be covered with hydrofoil padding, must be kept at temperatures between 5 ° C and 10 ° C during its transfer from the paper industry to the site. in which the composition is to be prepared. Component 2, at a dose of 209.25 g m'2, must be crushed before being mixed. Component 3 must be ground and sieved with a 2 mm sieve before being mixed at a dose of 833 g m'2. The mixing of components 1, 2 and 3 is carried out in a concrete mixer, which is put into operation until a paste is obtained, which is achieved in about 10 minutes. The last step is to add component 4, at a dose of 1002 g m'2; After having the mixture in the concrete mixer running for 3-5 more minutes, the hydrofoil is ready to be applied in the field.
    [0169] Specific composition B: Component 1, at a rate of 16.7L for each m2 of surface to be covered with hydrofoil padding, must be kept at temperatures between 5 ° C and 10 ° C during its transfer from the paper industry to the site. in which the composition is to be prepared. Component 2, at a dose of 209.25 g m'2, must be crushed before being mixed. Component 3, at a dose of 3100 g m'2, must be shredded and air dried before being mixed. The mixing of components 1, 2 and 3 is carried out in a concrete mixer, which is put into operation until a paste is obtained, which is achieved in about 10 minutes. The last step is to add component 4, at a dose of 1002 g m'2; After having the mixture in the concrete mixer running for 3-5 more minutes, the hydrofoil is ready to be applied in the field.
    [0170] Specific composition C: Component 1, at a rate of 16.7L for each m2 of surface to be covered with hydrofoil padding, must be kept at temperatures between 5 ° C and 10 ° C during its transfer from the paper industry to the site. in which the composition is to be prepared. Component 2, at a dose of 209.25 gm-2, must be crushed before being mixed. Component 3 is added to the mixture at a rate of 1250 gm-2. The mixing of components 1, 2 and 3 is carried out in a concrete mixer, which is put into operation until a paste is obtained, which is achieved in about 10 minutes. The last step is to add component 4, at a dose of 1002 g-m'2; After having the mixture in the concrete mixer running for 3-5 more minutes, the hydrofoil is ready to be applied in the field.
    [0172] As a result of the procedure (see Figure 1), an aqueous paste is obtained which, once applied in the field, hardens and forms a padding when it dries. That is, it forms a barrier, more or less thick, depending on the amount applied, whose mechanical properties and opacity prevent the sprouting and emergence of weeds through it.
    [0174] This padding is hydrophilic and biodegradable.
    [0176] The optimal performance of the product will be produced in early applications in fields of cultivation of biannual or perennial species (asparagus, artichoke, vineyard, stone and seed fruit trees, almond trees, olive trees, etc.). For example, in vineyards it should be applied before the leaf comes out in order to avoid the competition that weeds would exert if they emerged.
    [0178] Specifically, maximum efficiency will be achieved by applying it, when there are still no weeds in the soil, in the rows of cultivated plants.
    [0180] Example 4: Efficacy of mulch mixtures in the management of perennial weeds
    [0182] This example shows the results obtained in an experiment carried out in a greenhouse whose objective was to assess the behavior of 3 hydro-cushion mixtures in suppressing the emergence of shoots of 4 species of weeds.
    [0184] Methods:
    [0185] The test was carried out in a greenhouse located in the Agrópolis Technical Scientific Unit of the UPC in Viladecans, from February 4, 2019 to May 8, 2019.
    [0187] The 3 mixtures were made following the composition and dosage mentioned in Example 1. The known sources of variation were:
    [0189] 1. - Hydro-padding, with 4 levels, padding made of cereal straw, rice husk, mushroom crop residue, and without padding.
    [0191] 2. - Block, with 4 levels. 4 replications were designed considering that in the greenhouse there is a gradient in incident solar radiation.
    [0193] Sedge tubers ( Cyperus rotundus) and rhizomes of grass ( Cynodon dactylon), honey grass ( Paspalum dilatatum), and Aleppo sorghum ( Sorghum halepense) were used. The four species are cosmopolitan weeds with underground reserve structures (perennial perennials), and very difficult to control through the passage of machinery that removes the soil or through the application of herbicides.
    [0195] Within each block, 16 pots were randomly arranged, 4 per species, one for each level of hydrofoil. The pots used had dimensions of 40 cm in diameter and 28 cm in height. Inside each pot, 10 plastic containers were placed, each with a weed propagule. At the base of each pot, 10 cm thick expanded clay was placed to facilitate drainage, then 8 cm of commercial substrate, and then the ten containers that, in addition to the propagules, also contained commercial substrate. Each pot was drilled to install drip irrigation by placing the 2 emitters in the basal area of the containers.
    [0197] The hydrofoil was prepared with a concrete mixer and applied in such a way that the surface of each pot was completely covered (see figure 2).
    [0199] The data taken were the number of shoots emerged per pot and the dry weight of the aerial stems of each pot.
    [0201] Results:
    [0202] The source of block variation (4 repetitions) was not significant in any of the two parameters analyzed, neither in the number of emerged shoots nor in the aerial biomass.
    [0204] The first table (table 1) shows that the three hydrofoil pads exert a strong control over the emergence of weed shoots. In two of the species, in fact, they reduce it completely ( Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum dilatatum). In the other two they reduce it significantly: in the case of Sorghum halepense with paddy rice husk around 90%, and in Cyperus rotundus around 84%.
    [0206] Table 1. Average values of the number of shoots emerged to the surface. To the right of each average is the standard error in parentheses. In each column different letters indicate significant differences at P <0.05 in the averages.
    [0207] Cynodon Cyperus Paspalum Sorghum Cereal straw 0 (0) to 0.600 (0.27) to 0.125 (0.09) to Husk from 0 (0) to 0.975 (0.30) to 0 (0) to 0.075 (0 , 04) to rice
    [0208] Substrate 0 (0) to 0.700 (0.23) to 0 (0) to 0 (0) to mushroom
    [0209] Without 1.225 (0.48) b 6.250 (0.65) b 3.425 (0.65) b 1.325 (0.29) b hydro padding
    [0211] Regarding the biomass generated from the initial propagules (see table 2), the results are just as strong. With respect to the control without hydrofoil, the 3 hydrofoil mixes tested significantly reduce the average biomass value of the 4 species (see table 1). The reduction is complete in Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum dilatatum ; they reduce it a lot, around 92%, in the case of Sorghum halepense, and finally they manage to reduce it by 86% in the case of Cyperus rotundus.
    [0213] Table 2. Average values of the aerial biomass (g of dry weight m 2) collected at the end of the test. To the right of each average is the standard error in parentheses. In each column different letters indicate significant differences at P <0.05 in the averages.
    [0214] Cynodon Cyperus Paspalum Sorghum
    [0215] Cereal straw 0 (0) to 1.95 (0.83) to 0 (0) to 2.38 (1.78) to Rice husk 0 (0) to 2.43 (0.77) to 0 ( 0) to 1.23 (0.90) a Mushroom substrate 0 (0) to 2.55 (0.95) a 0 (0) to 0 (0) a
    [0216] Without padding 4.12 (1.49) b 19.19 (2.32) b 12.67 (3.29) b 30.41 (6.90) b The three mixtures significantly and highly effectively prevent sprouting and vegetative growth of the four species.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    1. A composition comprising:
    component 1) paper pulp;
    component 2) Kraft fiber;
    component 3) a lignocellulosic derivative; Y
    component 4) gypsum or calcium hydroxide.
    [2]
    2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic derivative (component 3) is selected from cereal straw, a substrate used in the cultivation of mushrooms and rice husks.
    [3]
    3. The composition according to any of claims 1 or 2, wherein component 4 is gypsum.
    [4]
    4. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of paper pulp (component 1) per unit area in the field is between 12 and 20L m'2.
    [5]
    5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the amount of paper pulp (component 1) per unit area in the field is between 15 and 17 L m'2.
    [6]
    6. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of Kraft fiber (component 2) per unit area in the field is between 175 and 230 g m'2.
    [7]
    7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the amount of Kraft fiber (component 2) per unit area in the field is between 205 and 210g m-2.
    [8]
    8. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lignocellulosic derivative (component 3) is cereal straw and the amount of cereal straw per unit area in the field is between 700 and 900 g m-2.
    [9]
    9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the amount of cereal straw (component 3) per unit area in the field is between 830 and 835 g m-2.
    [10]
    10. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the derivative lignocellulosic (component 3) is a substrate used in mushroom cultivation and the amount of substrate used in mushroom cultivation per unit area in the field is between 2800 and 3500 g m'2.
    [11]
    11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the amount of substrate used in mushroom cultivation (component 3) per unit area in the field is between 3000 and 3200 g mr2.
    [12]
    12. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lignocellulosic derivative (component 3) is rice husk and the amount of rice husk per unit area in the field is between 1000 and 1450 g m-2.
    [13]
    13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the amount of rice husk (component 3) per unit area of the field is between 1200 and 1300 g m-2.
    [14]
    The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the amount of gypsum (component 4) per unit area in the field is between 700 and 1100 g m-2.
    [15]
    15. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the amount of gypsum (component 4) per unit of field surface is between 1000 and 1005 g m-2.
    [16]
    16. Process for obtaining the composition of any of claims 1 to 15, comprising the following steps:
    phase II) mixing of components 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that component 2 is ground; Y
    phase III) addition of component 4 to the mixture obtained in phase II.
    [17]
    17. The process according to claim 16, wherein phase II is carried out in a concrete mixer.
    [18]
    18. The process according to any of claims 16 or 17, further comprising the following step:
    phase I) preparation of component 3.
    [19]
    19. The process according to claim 18, wherein component 3 is straw cereal and in phase I its milling and screening is carried out.
    [20]
    20. The process according to claim 18, wherein component 3 is a substrate used in mushroom cultivation and its shredding and drying is carried out in phase I.
    [21]
    21. Use of the composition of any of claims 1 to 15, for the control of weed growth.
    [22]
    22. Hydro-padding comprising the composition of any of claims 1 to 15.
    [23]
    23. Use of the hydrofoil of claim 22 for the control of weed growth.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2817649B2|2022-01-18|
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